The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the general name of a group of viruses that cause different diseases.More than 100 types are known.The pathogen is common all over the world.In order to avoid infection, it is important to know how the human papillomavirus is transmitted.
What is an HPV infection?
A HPV infection is a group of viral diseases provoked by papilloma virus.It is currently being examined and described above.Scientists have long been investigating the morphology of the pathogen, which made it possible to determine which types of viruses the pathologies provoke.Regardless of this, a group of HPV was provided with a high onco risk.
Due to the fact that HPV is mainly impressed by the sexual system, gynecologists consider considerably to examine the problem.When we talk about what HPV is in gynecology, you have to find a high risk of developing the Cervix -Oncology.Experts found that this virus causes the 16th and 18th type to develop the oncological process in the female reproductive system.
HPV - transmission and infection path
The papilloma virus is known for its resistance to environmental factors, so that it can maintain activity in the external environment for a long time.This explains the ability of the pathogen to be widespread.However, the transfer of HPV in the air is not directly transferred.With regard to the transmission of the papillom virus from person to person, the doctors indicate the mandatory presence of direct contact with the skin and the mucous membranes of the virus carrier.
HPV transmission paths are diverse:
- sexually;
- Contact budget;
- Vertical.
The most common way to transfer HPV
After hearing the patients of this type of pathogen, they are often interested in the doctor: whether the human papillomavirus is sexually transmitted.Doctors find that this method is the most common.According to statistics, around 70% of people are an active sex life of the carrier of the papilloma virus.In this case, an infection can occur repeatedly in the course of life.
Most women and men are infected a few months after the start of the active sexual activity of HPV.It is worth noting that HPV is often attributed to sexually transmitted infections, but an infection with sex without penetration is possible.The contact with the genitals of the virus carrier can lead to an infection.
Doctors also call the following methods of infection with HPV:
- With a kiss;
- With oral sex.
HPV - infection methods in everyday life
Some specialists for infectious diseases distinguish the domestic path of the HPV transmission.The percentage of spreading the virus in this way is low, but this possibility cannot be completely excluded.The virus can maintain the activity for some time and get into the pool, a bath house, so that infection is possible in public areas.
The infection in everyday life occurs with kisses, the use of personal hygiene products of the affected HPV.In such cases, the risk of infection increases:
- Weakening of immunity;
- Violation of personal hygiene rules.
The risk of infection with HPV
The likelihood of infection of HPV increases sharply with the beginning of sexual activity.This transmission path is considered the most important.At the same time, experts distinguish a number of factors, of which the presence increases the risk of infection several times:
- Early start of sexual activity;
- Frequent change of sexual partners;
- Neglection of contraceptives.
Regardless of this, it is necessary to say about the possibility of an infection in childhood.In most cases, HPV is transferred to the mother of the mother during the birth.In the promotion of the birth canal, the baby infection occurs.Children tolerate the infection more easily, it practically does not manifest them.In addition, thanks to breast milk, a spontaneous healing is observed thanks to the maintenance of ready -made antibodies together with breast milk.
How is HPV infection?
HPV is infected with direct contact of the mucous membrane, skin of genitals.During sexual intercourse, microrises and damage to the mucous membranes often occur, which only increases the risk of HPV infection.At the same time, there are some differences in the mechanisms of transmission of the virus in women and men.
How is the human papillomavirus transmitted in men?
The probability of an HPV infection in men depends directly on the number of constant sexual partners.Of more random sexual intercourse increases the likelihood of infection several times.At the same time, even in most cases, the man does not suspect the presence of an HPV virus in the body.As a result, the virus is spread further.In 90% of cases of sexual relationships, an infection of a partner occurs that was absolutely healthy.
How is human papillomavirus transferred to the woman?
Possibilities of HPV infection in women do not differ from those that are characteristic of men.First, is sexual.However, some factors increase the risk of infection in women.
Gynecologists identify among these:
- Early start of sexual activity;
- Frequent change of sexual partners;
- Abortion;
- History of the traumatic birth;
- gynecological diseases;
- Stress;
- Long -term reception of oral contraceptives.
Is human papillomavirus transferred to the child?
If you know the presence of HPV in the body, women wonder in the near future whether the human papillomavirus will be transferred to the baby.Experts say that there is a risk of infection of the child.However, HPV is rarely observed in children, the infection methods differ from those in adults.Infections are transferred more often in the stage of fetal progress along the birth canal: the virus from the mother's mucous membrane passes to the baby.
It is worth noting that the risk of such an infection is low.In most cases, the baby's body succeeds in getting rid of HPV in the first 2-3 months of life.Thanks to the absorption of antibodies against the infant organism, this happens together with breast milk.The main danger of HPV for babies is to damage the airways - the appearance of polyps.Such cases are rare and are more considered an exceptions.
HPV - How much does it appear after the infection?
After many patients have learned how the human papilloma virus is transmitted, they are interested in manifestation of the first symptoms.Doctors cannot clearly say how quickly she manifests herself after the infection of HPV.
The following factors are determined:
- Age of the patient;
- the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the body;
- The condition of the immune system.
In practice, the conditions of HPV clinical manifestation vary.The occurrence of a conduct changes in the affected cells can be observed after several weeks and after months.In some cases, the first lesions on the skin in the groin area and genitals are found in the body one year after the papilloma virus has occurred.It is possible to determine the exact time of the HPV in the body using laboratory tests.
Signs of infection with HPV
The symptoms of an HPV infection are evident in the lesion of the genitals.In most cases, the virus leads to characteristic skin lesions.The patients record the appearance of vulgar papillomas and pointed warts.On the outside, these growth resemble cauliflower, so it is difficult to confuse them with other skin manifestations.
In women, light pink light pink growth is localized:
- in the little labia;
- in the groin area;
- on the clitoris;
- near the outer hole of the urethra;
- On the eve of the vagina.
In some cases, condylomas are formed in anus when a woman practices anal sex.A strong growth of such formations leads to the occurrence of bloody discharge and pain sensations during sexual intercourse.In men, such formations in the area of Pubis, Perineum, are less often located on the surface of the penis.
HPV vaccinations after the infection
Even those who know how the human papilloma virus is transmitted cannot always be avoided in an infection.After the treatment, doctors are vaccinated against the papilloma virus to eliminate HPV's re -in -end function to prevent the development of a relapse.Vaccinations prevent the development of a viral infection for 15 years or more.